Evaluación de dimetilsulfóxido y Aloe vera como potenciadores de la penetración para la aplicación cutánea de lidocaína

Objective: The objective of the present work was to compare and verify efficacy of Aloe vera (1 to 3 %) with dimethyl sulfoxide (1 to 3 %) for its penetration enhancing property for topical delivery of lidocaine. Method: Carbopol 934 was used as gelling agent for preparation of lidocaine gel formulations containing or not dimetilsulfoxido or Aloe vera (1%, 2% and 3%). Gels were evaluated for physical appearance, rheological behavior, drug content, drug release and stability. Results: It was inferred from result that obtained gel formulation were good in appearance, homogeneity and consistency. In vitro drug release profiles showed that concentrations of Aloe vera gel increased in formulations, the drug release rate increased substantially. It was observed that F6 formulation which comprised of 3% Aloe vera as permeation enhancer exhibited 79.18 % of drug release. Similarly, for formulation F3 which comprised of 3% dimetilsulfoxido as permeation enhancer the drug release was found to be 84.52%. Use of Aloe vera may prove to be beneficial as compared to synthetic permeation enhancers. Conclusion: Based on results of the study it was concluded that the topical gel of lidocaine prepared along with Carbopol 934 by using Aloe vera as a natural penetration enhancer at a concentration of 3% can be used to enhance the penetration for lidocain across the skin.Objetivo: El objetivo del presente trabajo fue comparar y verificar la eficacia de Aloe vera (1 a 3%) con dimetilsulfoxido (1 a 3%) por su propiedad de mejora de la penetración para la administración tópica de lidocaína. Método: Carbopol 934 se usó como agente gelificante para la preparación de formulaciones de gel de lidocaína que contenían o no dimetilsulfoxido o Aloe vera (1%, 2% y 3%). Los geles se evaluaron por su aspecto físico, comportamiento reológico, contenido de fármaco, liberación de fármaco y estabilidad. Resultados: Se dedujo del resultado que la formulación del gel obtenido era adecuada en apariencia, homogeneidad y consistencia. Los perfiles de liberación de fármaco in vitro mostraron que conforme aumentaban el porcentaje de “Aloe vera” en las formulaciones, la tasa de liberación del fármaco se incrementaba sustancialmente. Se observó que la formulación F6 que contenía un 3% de Aloe vera como potenciador de la permeación exhibía un 79,18% de liberación de fármaco. De manera similar, para la formulación F3, que comprendía un 3% de DMSO como potenciador de la permeación, se encontró que la liberación del fármaco era del 84,52%. El uso de Aloe vera puede resultar beneficioso en comparación con los potenciadores de permeación sintéticos. Conclusión: Sobre la base de los resultados del estudio, se concluyó que el gel tópico de lidocaína preparado junto con Carbopol 934 mediante el uso de Aloe vera como un potenciador natural de la penetración a una concentración del 3%, se puede usar para mejorar la penetración de lidocaína en la piel

Detained introns are a novel, widespread class of post-transcriptionally spliced introns

Deep sequencing of embryonic stem cell RNA revealed many specific internal introns that are significantly more abundant than the other introns within polyadenylated transcripts; we classified these as “detained” introns (DIs). We identified thousands of DIs, many of which are evolutionarily conserved, in human and mouse cell lines as well as the adult mouse liver. DIs can have half-lives of over an hour yet remain in the nucleus and are not subject to nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). Drug inhibition of Clk, a stress-responsive kinase, triggered rapid splicing changes for a specific subset of DIs; half showed increased splicing, and half showed increased intron detention, altering transcript pools of >300 genes. Srsf4, which undergoes a dramatic phosphorylation shift in response to Clk kinase inhibition, regulates the splicing of some DIs, particularly in genes encoding RNA processing and splicing factors. The splicing of some DIs—including those in Mdm4, a negative regulator of p53—was also altered following DNA damage. After 4 h of Clk inhibition, the expression of >400 genes changed significantly, and almost one-third of these are p53 transcriptional targets. These data suggest a widespread mechanism by which the rate of splicing of DIs contributes to the level of gene expression.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grant R01 GM34277-23)American Cancer Society (Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research Postdoctoral Research Fellowship)National Cancer Institute (U.S.) (Koch Institute Support (Core) Grant P30-CA14051

Hypoglycemic effects of Berberis aristata and Tamarindus indica extracts in vitro

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the hypoglycemic potential of Berberis aristata and Tamarindus indica using various in vitro techniques.MethodsThe selected plant extracts were studied for their effects on glucose adsorption capacity, in vitro glucose diffusion, in vitro amylolysis kinetics and glucose transport across the yeast cells.ResultsIt was observed that both the plant extracts adsorbed glucose and the adsorption of glucose increased remarkably with an increase in glucose concentration. No significant (p⩽0.05) differences were observed between the adsorption capacities of B. aristata and T. indica. The results of amylolysis kinetic experimental model exhibited that the rate of glucose diffusion was increased with time from 30 to 180min and both the plant extracts demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on movement of glucose into external solution across dialysis membrane as compared to control. It was observed that the plant extracts also promoted glucose uptake by the yeast cells. Enhancement of glucose uptake was dependent on both the sample and glucose concentration. B. aristata extract exhibited significantly higher (p⩽0.05) activity than the extract of T. indica at all concentrations.ConclusionThe results of the study verified the hypoglycemic activity of the extracts of B. aristata and T. indica. However, the observed effects need to be confirmed using different in vivo models and clinical trials for their effective utilization as therapeutic agents

Impact of thermosonication on kiwi juice quality

Traditional heat treatments such as pasteurization are usually used in fruit juice preservation. However, due to undesirable quality changes, industries seek other processing technologies that can retain the fruit juices' quality. This study aims to develop a high quality and safe-to-drink kiwi (Actinidia deliciosa cv. Hayward) juice throughout the application of thermosonication treatments (TS). Listeria innocua (a surrogate of the pathogenic L. monocytogenes) was used as a safety indicator. pH, SSC, colour, cloud value, total phenolics, total chlorophylls, and minerals were evaluated as quality parameters. TS was carried out with an ultrasound homogenizer at a constant frequency of 20 kHz, 80% amplitude and discontinued pulsation (10s on, 5s off). The juice samples were submitted to TS at 45, 50 and 55°C for 15, 10 and 3 minutes, respectively. Thermal treatments (HT) were performed at the same temperatures for 60, 25 and 10 minutes. Juices' quality and safety were evaluated before and after treatments. All the treatments fulfil the FDA recommendation of 5-log microbial reduction. Most of the quality parameters were retained after both processes. These results proved that a mild heat process could be applied to fruit juices, allowing the obtention of a safe and improved final product's quality.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Impact of thermosonication on kiwi juice quality

Traditional heat treatments such as pasteurization are usually used in fruit juice preservation. However, due to undesirable quality changes, industries seek other processing technologies that can retain the fruit juices' quality. This study aims to develop a high quality and safe-to-drink kiwi (Actinidia deliciosa cv. Hayward) juice throughout the application of thermosonication treatments (TS). Listeria innocua (a surrogate of the pathogenic L. monocytogenes) was used as a safety indicator. pH, SSC, colour, cloud value, total phenolics, total chlorophylls, and minerals were evaluated as quality parameters. TS was carried out with an ultrasound homogenizer at a constant frequency of 20 kHz, 80% amplitude and discontinued pulsation (10s on, 5s off). The juice samples were submitted to TS at 45, 50 and 55°C for 15, 10 and 3 minutes, respectively. Thermal treatments (HT) were performed at the same temperatures for 60, 25 and 10 minutes. Juices' quality and safety were evaluated before and after treatments. All the treatments fulfil the FDA recommendation of 5-log microbial reduction. Most of the quality parameters were retained after both processes. These results proved that a mild heat process could be applied to fruit juices, allowing the obtention of a safe and improved final product's quality.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

COMPARATIVE STANDARDIZATION OF MARKETED FORMULATIONS OF FERMENTED BIOMEDICINE – ARJUNARISTHA

Ayurvedic formulations have proved to be effective in the prevention and treatment of many life-threatening diseases. Asavas and Arishtas have been used as medicine for over 3000 years as appetizer and stimulant. In the present study 6 different marketed brands (Two having different batches) of Arjunarishta were thoroughly evaluated for their organoleptic characteristics and physicochemical parameters, to establish a routine procedure for standardization of these Ayurvedic formulations. The organoleptic tests performed include colour, odour and taste whereas the physicochemical parameters evaluated were pH, Refractive index, Specific gravity, Viscosity, density, surface tension, Water-soluble extractive, Alcohol-soluble extractive Acid value, Alcohol content, by distillation and  dichromate oxidation method, Total solid content, Total phenol content, In present communication, a TLC method was developed for the evaluation of Arjunarishta  by quantitative estimation of major compound gallic acid and ellagic acid

ASSESSMENT OF ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICACY OF KOHL/KAJAL PREPARED BY DIFFERENT INDIAN METHODS AGAINST SELECTED MICROBIAL STRAINS

Objective: To prepare and evaluate different types of Kajal formulations and evaluation of its antimicrobial activity along with preliminary verification of the content responsible for the said effect. Methods: We have prepared kajal formulations by use of different metal plates, marble tile, ghee and Aloe vera mucilage and tried to verify the antimicrobial effect attributed to the formulation by these substances. Results: Carbon soot obtained from the use of copper plate showed more antimicrobial potential against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. coli, with zones of inhibition 18±0.235 mm, 17±0.124 mm and 19±0.528 mm respectively. Also this formulation at different concentrations when compared with Ciprofloxacin exhibited promising results. Moreover, this formulation when used with Ciprofloxacin at a concentration of (50:50) revealed a synergistic effect against the clinically resistant strains of P. aeruginosa, with zone of inhibition 22±0.578 mm and 20±0.987 mm at a concentration of 10 and 5 µg ml-1 respectively, whereas, Ciprofloxacin exhibited zone of inhibition of 26±0.457 mm and 24±0.751 mm at the similar concentrations. To assess the effectiveness of Aloe vera we used marbles tiles for collection of carbon soot. The zones of inhibition observed for Kohl formulations prepared by using carbon soot collected from marble tiles impregnated with Aloe vera mucilage exhibited less antimicrobial activity than that of copper soot against the selected microbial strains. Conclusion: All the prepared kajal formulations exhibited antimicrobial activity. Aloe vera and copper soot is responsible for significant antimicrobial activity and when combined with Ciprofloxacin it showed synergistic activity against the clinically resistant strains of P. aeruginosa

Cribado de la actividad hipoglucémica in vitro de Murraya koenigii y Catharanthus roseu

Objective: The study aimed to verify the hypoglycemic effect of Murraya koenigii (M. koenigii) and Catharanthus roseus (C. roseus) by using various in-vitro techniques. Method: The extracts were studied for their effects on glucose adsorption capacity, in-vitro glucose diffusion, in-vitro amylolysis kinetics and glucose transport across the yeast cells. Results: It was observed that the extracts of M. koenigii and C. roseus adsorbed glucose and the adsorption of glucose increased remarkably with an increase in glucose concentration. There were no significant (p≤0.05) differences between their adsorption capacities. In the amylolysis kinetic experimental model the rate of glucose diffusion was found to be increased with time from 30 to 180 min and both the plant extracts exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the movement of glucose into external solution across the dialysis membrane as compared to control. The extracts also promoted glucose uptake by the yeast cells and the enhancement of glucose uptake was dependent on both the sample and glucose concentration. The extract of M. koenigii exhibited significantly higher (p≤0.05) activity than the extract of C. roseus at all concentrations used in the study. Our report suggests the mechanism(s) for the hypoglycemic effect of M. koenigii and C. roseus. Conclusion: The said effect was observed to be mediated by inhibiting alpha amylase, inhibiting glucose diffusion by adsorbing glucose and by increasing glucose transport across the cell membranes as revealed by in-vitro model of yeast cells. However, these effects need to be affirmed by using different in vivo models and clinical trials.Objetivo: El estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar el efecto hipoglucémico de Murraya koenigii (M. koenigii) y Catharanthus roseus (C. roseus) mediante el uso de diversas técnicas in vitro. Método: Los extractos se estudiaron por sus efectos sobre la capacidad de adsorción de glucosa, la difusión de glucosa in vitro, la cinética de amilolisis in vitro y el transporte de glucosa a través de las células de levadura. Resultados: se observó que los extractos de M. koenigii y C. roseus adsorbieron glucosa y la adsorción de glucosa aumentó notablemente con un aumento en la concentración de glucosa. No hubo diferencias significativas (p≤0.05) entre sus capacidades de adsorción. En el modelo experimental cinético de amilolisis, se encontró que la velocidad de difusión de glucosa aumentaba con el tiempo de 30 a 180 min y ambos extractos de planta exhibían efectos inhibitorios significativos sobre el movimiento de la glucosa hacia la solución externa a través de la membrana de diálisis en comparación con el control. Los extractos también promovieron la absorción de glucosa por las células de levadura y la mejora de la captación de glucosa dependió tanto de la muestra como de la concentración de glucosa. El extracto de M. koenigii exhibió una actividad significativamente mayor (p≤0.05) que el extracto de C. roseus en todas las concentraciones utilizadas en el estudio. Nuestro informe sugiere el mecanismo (s) para el efecto hipoglucemiante de M. koenigii y C. roseus. Conclusión: Se observó que dicho efecto estaba mediado por la inhibición de la alfa amilasa, la inhibición de la difusión de glucosa por la adsorción de glucosa y el aumento del transporte de glucosa a través de las membranas celulares según lo revelado por el modelo in vitro de células de levadura. Sin embargo, estos efectos deben ser afirmados mediante el uso de diferentes modelos in vivo y ensayos clínicos